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The Republic of India is a country that occupies a greater part of South Asia. It has a coastline of over seven thousand kilometres, borders Pakistan to the west, the People's Republic of China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, it is adjacent to three island nations — the Maldives to the southwest, Sri Lanka to the south, and Indonesia to the southeast. India also claims a border with Afghanistan to the northwest.[1]
The name India is derived from the Old Persian version of Sindhu, the historic local name for the Indus river (see Origin of India's name). The Constitution of India and common usage also recognise Bharat) as an official name of equal status. This name is derived from the Sanskrit name of an ancient Hindu king, Bharata, whose story can be found in the Mahabharata epic poem. A third name, Hindustan . (Persian: Land of the Hindus) has been used since the twelfth century, though its contemporary use is unevenly applied due to domestic disputes by some over its representation as a national signifier.
India is the fourth largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power parity, and the tenth largest in absolute terms. It is the second most populous country in the world, with a population of over one billion, and is the seventh largest country by geographical area. It is home to some of the most ancient civilisations, and a centre of important historic trade routes. Famous for its rich religious traditions, four of the major world religions–Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism–all have their origins in India. A former colony of the British Raj before gaining independence in 1947, India has grown significantly during the past twenty years, especially in economic and military spheres, both regionally as well as globally.
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